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Ernst Christof Friedrich Zündel (born April 24, 1939) is a German〔("Zundel won't appeal deportation, lawyer says" ), CTV.ca, February 6, 2005 (accessed July 26, 2008): Canadian Justice Pierre Blais denounced Zundel as a Hitler sympathizer determined to propagate the neo-Nazi movement〕〔Burns, J.F. ("Canada Puts Neo-Nazi's Ideas on Trial, Again" ), ''The New York Times'', March 30, 1988 (accessed July 26, 2008)〕 publisher known for promoting Holocaust denial.〔("Ernst Zundel" ), Anti-Defamation League (accessed July 26, 2008)〕〔("Ernst Zundel sentenced to 5 years for Holocaust denial" ), cbcnews.ca, February 15, 2007 (accessed July 26, 2008)〕 He has been jailed several times: in Canada for publishing literature "likely to incite hatred against an identifiable group", and on charges of being a threat to national security; in the United States, of overstaying his visa; and in Germany for charges of "inciting racial hatred". He lived in Canada from 1958 to 2000. In 1977, Zündel founded a small press publishing house called Samisdat Publishers, which issued such neo-Nazi pamphlets as his co-authored "The Hitler We Loved and Why" and Richard Verrall's "''Did Six Million Really Die? The Truth At Last''", which were both significant documents of the Holocaust denial movement. Verrall's pamphlet should not be confused with Barbara Kulaszka's book ''Did Six Million Really Die? Report on the Evidence in the Canadian "False News" Trial of Ernst Zündel, 1988''. On February 5, 2003, Ernst Zündel was detained by local police in the U.S. and deported to Canada, where he was detained for two years on a Security Certificate for being a foreign national considered a threat to national security pending a court decision on the validity of the certificate. Once the certificate was upheld, he was deported to Germany and tried in the state court of Mannheim on outstanding charges of incitement of Holocaust denial dating from the early 1990s. On February 15, 2007, he was convicted and sentenced to the maximum term of five years in prison. All these imprisonments and prosecutions were for inciting hatred against an identifiable group. He was released on March 1, 2010.〔(Zundel released from German prison ), CBS News World〕 == Background == Zündel was born in Bad Wildbad in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. He emigrated to Canada in 1958 when he was 19, to avoid conscription by the German military. In 1960 he married French-Canadian Janick Larouche, with whom he had sons Pierre and Hans. During the 1960s, Zündel came under the tutelage of Canadian fascist politician Adrien Arcand. Professionally, Zündel worked as a graphic artist and printer. On several occasions in the 1960s he was commissioned to illustrate covers for ''Maclean's Magazine''. His controversial views were not well known in the 1960s and 1970s since he published his opinions under the pseudonym Christof Friedrich. At the time, he was also an organizer among immigrants for the Ralliement des créditistes, Quebec's Social Credit party. In 1968, he joined the Liberal Party of Canada and ran in that year's Liberal leadership convention under the anglicised name Ernest Zundel〔(The Zundel Affair ), Shofar FTP Archives, nizkor.net〕 as a self-described "nuisance candidate" running on an "immigrant rights" platform. He used his candidacy to campaign against anti-German attitudes. He dropped out of the contest prior to the election, but not before delivering his campaign speech to the convention. Zündel gained prominence and respectability during the 1970s as spokesman for Concerned Parents of German Descent, a group that claimed German-Canadians and their children were the target of discrimination due to anti-German stereotyping in the media. In the late 1970s, Zündel, as the group's spokesman, issued press releases protesting the NBC ''Holocaust'' miniseries for its depiction of Germans. In the late 1970s, reporter Mark Bonokoski unmasked Zündel and ended his career as a credible media spokesperson by revealing that he was publishing neo-nazi and antisemitic pamphlets such as ''The Hitler We Loved and Why'' under the pseudonym Christof Friedrich.〔Bonokoski, Mark. ("Zundel released from German Jail" ), ''Toronto Sun'', March 2, 2010.〕 Zündel's marriage to Larouche ended in 1975 as his public notoriety grew. In 1994, Zündel campaigned in Canada to ban the movie ''Schindler's List'' as "hate speech"〔("Schindler's List Exposed as Lies and Hate" ), 1994 leaflet published by Zündel's Samisdat Publishers〕〔("Ernst Zündel on the film 'Schindler's List'" ), The Nizkor Project〕 and celebrated the movie being banned in Malaysia and the Philippines, and effectively banned in Lebanon and Jordan.〔(Censorship offer file ), Shofar FTP Archive, The Nizkor Project〕 On May 8, 1995, his Toronto residence was the target of an arson attack resulting in $400,000 in damage.〔Shermer, Michael. ''Why People Believe Weird Things'', 1997, p.185.〕 A group calling itself the "Jewish Armed Resistance Movement" claimed responsibility for the arson attack; according to the ''Toronto Sun'', the group had ties to extremist organisations including the Jewish Defense League and Kahane Chai.〔 The leader of the Toronto wing of the Jewish Defense League, Meir Weinstein (known then as Meir Halevi), denied involvement in the attack; however, five days later, Weinstein and American JDL leader Irv Rubin were caught trying to break into the Zündel property, where they were apprehended by police.〔 No charges were ever filed in the incident.〔Deutsch, Linda. "U.S. Jewish militants charged in bomb plot: Los Angeles mosque, congressman's office were intended targets", ''Ottawa Citizen'', December 13, 2001.〕 Weeks after the fire, Zündel was targeted with a parcel bomb that was detonated by the Toronto Police bomb squad.〔Stancu, Henry. "Police detonate bomb sent to Zündel's home 'Just another day in life of Ernst Zundel,' he says", ''Toronto Star'', May 21, 1995.〕 The investigation into the parcel bomb attack led to charges being laid against David Barbarash, an animal rights activist based in British Columbia, but they were eventually stayed.〔Hogben, David. "Charges stayed against activists accused of mailing booby-trapped letters", ''Canadian Press'', September 26, 2000.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ernst Zündel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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